Government employment overall was little changed in October

The number of unemployed persons, at 14.8 million, was little changed in October. The unemployment

rate remained at 9.6 percent and has been essentially unchanged since May. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for adult men (9.7 percent), adult women

(8.1 percent), teenagers (27.1 percent), whites (8.8 percent), blacks (15.7 percent), and Hispanics (12.6

percent) showed little change in October. The jobless rate for Asians was 7.1 percent, not seasonally

adjusted. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

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The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks and over) was about unchanged over

the month at 6.2 million. In October, 41.8 percent of unemployed persons had been jobless for 27 weeks

or more. (See table A-12.)

Both the civilian labor force participation rate, at 64.5 percent, and the employment-population

ratio, at 58.3 percent, edged down over the month. (See table A-1.)

The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as involuntary

part-time workers) fell by 318,000 over the month to 9.2 million, partially offsetting large increases

in the prior 2 months. These individuals were working part time because their hours had been cut back

or because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.)

About 2.6 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force in October, up from 2.4 million

a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force,

wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They

were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the

survey. (See table A-16.)

Among the marginally attached, there were 1.2 million discouraged workers in October, an increase of

411,000 from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not

currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.4 million

persons marginally attached to the labor force had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding

the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)

Establishment Survey Data

Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 151,000 in October, reflecting job gains in mining

and a number of service-providing industries. Private-sector payroll employment rose by 159,000

over the month; since December 2009, employment in the private sector has risen by 1.1 million.

(See table B-1.)

Within professional and business services, employment in temporary help services continued to

increase in October, with a gain of 35,000. Temporary help services has added 451,000 jobs since a

recent low in September 2009. Employment in computer systems design and related services increased

by 8,000 in October and has risen by 53,000 since a recent low in June 2009.

Health care continued to add jobs in October (+24,000). The gain was in line with the average increase

over the prior 12 months (+20,000).

Retail trade employment rose by 28,000 in October, including increases in automobile dealers (+6,000)

and in electronics and appliance stores (+5,000). After reaching a trough in December 2009, employment

in retail trade has expanded by 128,000.

Within leisure and hospitality, a job loss in arts, entertainment, and recreation (-26,000) in October

offset a gain in food services and drinking places employment (+24,000). The food services industry

has added 143,000 jobs since a recent low in December 2009.

Mining employment continued to trend up (+8,000) over the month. Since a recent low in October

2009, mining has added 88,000 jobs.

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Employment in manufacturing changed little in October (-7,000) and, on net, has essentially been flat

since May. The industry had added 134,000 jobs during the first 5 months of this year.

Elsewhere in the private sector, employment in construction, wholesale trade, transportation, information,

and financial activities showed little change in October.

Government employment overall was little changed in October. Employment in local government, excluding

education, decreased by 14,000 over the month and has fallen by 123,000 over the past 12

months. The number of temporary decennial census workers fell by 5,000 in October. After peaking at

564,000 in May, there were only about 1,000 temporary decennial census workers remaining on Federal

payrolls in October.

The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour in October

to 34.3 hours. The manufacturing workweek for all employees also increased by 0.1 hour, to 40.3 hours,

while factory overtime was unchanged at 3.0 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory.